Thursday, 6 October 2016

Oracle Database


Hello! How you doing? Today I want to share about what I’ve learned on my 3 months training with GBS Iskandar about Oracle Database. On my first week, I’ve learned about Oracle Database Architecture which are storage structure, tablespace, data files, and Automatic Storage Management (ASM). We need to fully understand on the architecture before move further into the details of studies of Oracle Database. Before entering the data, a table need to be created. A tablespace is needed in Oracle Database to store data inserted into the database.

                We also learned about Oracle Database Management Tools and the basic three are SQL Plus, SQL Developer, and Enterprise Manager. SQL Developer is a tool for beginners start querying some data but usually being used for unit testing. SQL Developer need to be configured well before use and the database has to be created. While Enterprise Manager is a web based Oracle Database application to configure the privileges, security, and data files. It can be logged in as sysdba or normal user. While SQL Plus is a more like command tool and the functionalities are not as much as SQL Developer. SQL Plus can be called in terminal in Oracle Virtual Machine Terminal but need to start the listener first.

                Next, managing Database Instance using Initialization parameters, Listener and Sessions. These are the steps needed before connecting to the database. The listener need to be configured well because it is the crucial part. If the listener is wrong, the database will refuse to connect because it didn’t found the listener. We also been given chance to do some training on setting up database instance because every morning we need to start the database before start the class.

                We also learned on administering user security such as privileges, authenticating, user roles, and password profiles. The user security administration can be accessed only by user with sysdba privileges, in Enterprise Manager. Oracle database also provide Block Space Management, Row Chaining and Migration, Compression, and Managing Undo Data which divided into two parts; Managing Undo and Temporary Undo. On managing undo data, we were using the undo advisor.

                At the end of the first week, we learned on managing data concurrency such as locks, DML lock, lock conflicts, and deadlocks. When the deadlocks occur, Oracle Database automatically detects and terminates the statement with and error. The proper response to the error is either commit or rollback, which will release any other locks in that session so that the other session can continue its transaction.

                On week two, we learned on backup and recovery which have been divided into some parts; categories of failures, flashback, checkpoint, redo lock, and point-in-time recovery. There are some categories of failure;

statement failure (a single database operation; select, insert, update, or delete fails),

user process failure (a single database session fails), network failure (connectivity to the database is lost),

user error (a user successfully completes an operation, but the operation is incorrect),

instance failure (the database instance shuts down unexpectedly),

media failure (a loss of any file that is needed for database operation).

Oracle provides an appropriate data protection and solution depending on user’s backup and recovery objective; Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN), Oracle Secure Backup (OSB), Oracle Database Flashback, Data Recovery Advisor, and Data Guard and Active Data Guard.

                Next, we also learned on defining the data using select statement from basic to advance, restricting and sorting data to limit and sort the rows that are retrieved by a query and learn to use ampersand substitution. We need to use WHERE clause, comparison conditions, and logical conditions such as AND, OR, and NOT operators. Next, how to customize the output. Because of the variation of data type, there are types of customizing the output; single-row SQL functions containing character, number, and date, conversion and general functions.

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